Molluscum contagiosum is a viral skin infection that causes the appearance of small, raised, pearl-like bumps on the skin.

It is a relatively common condition, particularly among children, but it can affect individuals of all ages. Although molluscum contagiosum is generally harmless, it can be unsightly and may cause discomfort, leading to the desire for treatment.

What Causes Molluscum Contagiosum?

Molluscum contagiosum is caused by a virus known as the molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV), which is a member of the poxvirus family. The virus spreads through direct contact with infected skin or contaminated objects, such as towels, clothing, or toys. It can also be spread through sexual contact, making it a sexually transmitted infection (STI) in adults.

Individuals with weakened immune systems, those who live in warm, humid climates, or those with close skin-to-skin contact with others are at a higher risk of developing molluscum contagiosum.

Symptoms of Molluscum Contagiosum

The hallmark symptom of molluscum contagiosum is the appearance of small, firm, raised bumps on the skin. These bumps, also known as mollusca, have several distinct characteristics:

• Size: The bumps are typically small, measuring between 2 to 5 millimeters in diameter.
• Color: The bumps are usually flesh-colored, white, or pink, and have a shiny or pearly appearance.
• Shape: Each bump is dome-shaped with a dimpled center.
• Number: Molluscum contagiosum often presents with clusters of bumps, which can range from a few to several dozen.

The bumps may occur anywhere on the body, but they are most commonly found on the face, neck, armpits, hands, and genital area. In some cases, the bumps may become red, swollen, or itchy, particularly if they are scratched or irritated.

Diagnosis of Molluscum Contagiosum

Molluscum contagiosum is typically diagnosed based on its characteristic appearance. A healthcare provider can usually make a diagnosis by examining the bumps. In rare cases, a skin biopsy may be performed to confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment Options for Molluscum Contagiosum

In many cases, molluscum contagiosum resolves on its own without treatment within 6 to 12 months. However, treatment may be desired to speed up the resolution of the bumps or to reduce the risk of spreading the infection. Treatment options include:

• Topical Therapies: Creams or ointments containing ingredients like salicylic acid, retinoids, or imiquimod may be prescribed to help the bumps resolve faster.
• Cryotherapy: This procedure involves freezing the bumps with liquid nitrogen to remove them.
• Curettage: A healthcare provider may use a small tool to scrape off the bumps.
• Laser Therapy: In some cases, laser treatment may be used to remove the lesions.
• Oral Medications: In severe cases or in individuals with weakened immune systems, oral antiviral medications may be prescribed.

It’s important to note that scratching or picking at the bumps can lead to further spreading of the virus to other parts of the body or to other people.

Prevention of Molluscum Contagiosum

Preventing the spread of molluscum contagiosum involves good hygiene practices and avoiding direct contact with infected individuals or contaminated objects. Some prevention tips include:

• Avoid Sharing Personal Items: Do not share towels, clothing, or other personal items with others, especially if they have visible bumps.
• Practice Safe Sex: Use condoms to reduce the risk of transmitting molluscum contagiosum during sexual activity.
• Keep the Skin Covered: Cover the bumps with clothing or a bandage to prevent spreading the virus to others.
• Wash Hands Frequently: Regular handwashing can help prevent the spread of the virus.

Conclusion

Molluscum contagiosum is a viral skin infection that causes small, raised bumps on the skin. While the condition is generally harmless and self-limiting, it can be bothersome and may cause cosmetic concerns. Understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatment options can help individuals manage molluscum contagiosum effectively and reduce the risk of spreading the infection to others. If you suspect you have molluscum contagiosum, it’s important to consult a healthcare provider for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.